About Us
Our Safari Camp, roamed by wild giant tortoises and bordering the Galapagos National Park, is small by design and exclusive by definition. We design tailor-made safaris to meet incredible Galapagos wildlife.
Lava Lizards (Microlophus spp.)
Lava lizards are among the most abundant reptiles in Galapagos. You will often see them sprinting across warm lava or perched on boulders doing rapid “push-ups.” They resemble miniature iguanas and are perfectly adapted to the volcanic terrain that gives them their name.
Species and Distribution
Seven species of lava lizards occur in the archipelago, all within the genus Microlophus.
Some are widespread, such as M. albemarlensis on Isabela, Santa Cruz, Fernandina, and nearby islands. Others are island specialists, including M. delanonis on Española, M. grayi on Floreana, M. pacificus on Pinta, M. bivittatus on San Cristóbal, M. habelii on Marchena, and M. duncanensis on Pinzón.
They are found on most major islands except Genovesa and are most common in coastal and lowland zones, with some populations reaching high slopes and crater interiors.
Identification and Appearance
Color varies widely, from brown or grey to greenish or nearly black, allowing excellent camouflage on lava. Males are larger (often 15–20 cm, occasionally up to 30 cm), with rougher, more patterned skin, a clear spinal crest, and bright markings of yellow, gold, or orange. Females are smaller and smoother, often showing a distinctive red or orange throat that can intensify in the breeding season.
Behavior and Adaptations
Males defend territories that can span up to 400 m² and often overlap with several females. Territorial disputes begin with display; the characteristic push-ups make a male appear larger and stronger and can prevent fights. If neither retreats, contests may escalate to tail slaps or brief bites. Females also perform push-ups, typically as a signal of submission.
Diet and Predators
Lava lizards are omnivores. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates and will also consume flowers and plant matter, especially in the dry season; flowers of Tiquilia can be important. Cannibalism is recorded. Predators include Galapagos hawks, herons, snakes, owls, and mockingbirds. When threatened, lizards can shed part of the tail and escape to cover under rocks, shrubs, cacti, or fallen logs.
Reproduction and Lifespan
Breeding takes place mainly in the warm season. Females may reach sexual maturity in about nine months, while males mature at around three years. A typical clutch is four to six pea-sized eggs deposited in a deep burrow. Incubation lasts roughly three months, and hatchlings are only 3–4 cm long. Average lifespan is around ten years.
Ecological Role
Lava lizards help control insect populations and contribute to pollination and seed dispersal when feeding on flowers and fruits. They are a key prey item for several predators, forming an important link in island food webs. Their diversification across islands is a clear example of adaptive radiation in Galapagos.
Conservation
Overall, lava lizards are listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, with stable populations. Some island-restricted species are considered Vulnerable due to limited ranges. Main pressures include invasive species, habitat disturbance, and climate variability associated with El Nino. Ongoing monitoring and habitat protection by the Galapagos National Park help safeguard these reptiles.
Where and When to See Them
Common year-round on most visitor routes, especially in the lowlands of Santa Cruz. Look for quick movements on sunlit trails, fence posts, and lava outcrops, often near groups of marine iguanas.
Plan Your Galapagos Safari
See our Safaris for suggested itineraries and guided wildlife experiences.
